Why getting out of your comfort zone is hard (but not impossible)

This post originally appeared on the Crew blog.

You’ve heard people say you need to get out of your comfort zone, right? You need to stretch yourself, they say. It’ll be good for you.

Everyone seems to agree with this idea, but what do we actually know about the comfort zone? Aside from the fact that this seems to be true:

Okay, but what is the comfort zone really and why should we leave it?

Let’s do a little digging to find out.

What is the comfort zone?

The most scientific explanation of what a comfort zone is relates it to anxiety levels. Your comfort zone is any type of behavior that keeps you at a steadily low anxiety level. Imagine something you do all the time, like cooking dinner or commuting to work, or watching TV. Everyday activities that you’re used to won’t make you feel anxious and uneasy, so they’re part of your comfort zone.

Although people often refer to “getting outside your comfort zone” in terms of trying new things, anything that raises your anxiety levels can be counted as being outside that zone. If commuting to work makes you anxious because the traffic is bad or you don’t like being on a train full of people, for instance, you’re not going to be comfortable in that situation.

Although anxiety isn’t something we’re prone to go looking for, a little bit can be surprisingly beneficial. We often need just a hint of anxiety to push us to get our work done, or to improve our performance.

A study of mice from 1908 showed that when a task was very easy, performance increased as anxiety levels rose. When a task was harder, however, increased anxiety only helped to a point—after a certain threshold the combination of a difficult task and high anxiety made performance drop.

The comfort zone is often illustrated like the image above, where the comfort zone extends into a learning zone, but eventually leads to a panic zone, where anxiety is too high. We can use this illustration to understand the results of the mouse experiment.

When the task was easy, the mice were in their comfort zones—they completed it without feeling much anxiety at all. As anxiety levels rose, the mice entered their learning zone and performed better. In the difficult task, however, it took less anxiety for them to hit their learning zone, and they soon hit their panic zone where performance dropped.

How we deal with uncertainty

A lot of the anxiety that comes from leaving your comfort zone is due to uncomfortable levels of uncertainty. There’s a reason that cooking dinner is no big deal when you do it all the time—it’s familiar, and you know what to expect. Driving a car for the first time or skydiving or starting a new job are all activities that are full of uncertainty, and thus, anxiety.

Uncertainty can make us respond more strongly to negative experiences. A study found that when negative images were preceded by uncertainty, they were more upsetting than when participants expected them.

We’re also more likely to respond negatively to new things, even though we may come to like them over time. Researcher, Brené Brown, says that uncertain social, political, or economic conditions can effectively make our comfort zones smaller. The more afraid we are, the smaller our comfort zone becomes and the more difficult it is to break out of it.

Familiarity is comfortable and enjoyable, so it’s no real surprise that new things get our guard up. From an evolutionary perspective, we see familiar things as more likely to be safe, and so we’re more drawn to what we know. The brain thinks, “Hey, we’ve tried that before and didn’t die. So it is probably safe to do it again.”

Trying new things takes energy, so when we’re feeling tired or flat, we’re more likely to lean on old habits than take a new risk.

Breaking out

So, should you break out of your comfort zone? Is it actually good for you? Science says yes, to some degree. Like the mice in the experiment I mentioned earlier, you want to find that sweet spot in the learning zone, and avoid going so far out of your comfort zone that you hit panic mode.

Here are some of the benefits of leaving your comfort zone and trying things that raise your anxiety levels just a little bit:

It will help you grow

When mixed with the feeling of success, some anxiety and self-doubt can lead to personal growth. This is why outdoor adventures like rock climbing or skydiving can be so exhilarating: they induce anxiety and unease but when completed, they give us a huge feeling of accomplishment and increase our base levels of confidence.

Your comfort zone will grow

If your comfort zone is small—i.e. the number of things you can do without feeling anxious are few—you’ll either be anxious a lot of the time or miss out on a lot of the excitement life has to offer. By getting out of your comfort zone more regularly, you’ll increase the number of things you’re comfortable with.

You’ll also be able to enjoy more things in life, since familiarity makes us more likely to enjoy something, even if it turned us off at first.

Doing new things motivates us and helps us learn

Novelty tends to increase levels of dopamine in the brain, which is part of the brain’s “reward center”. Dopamine’s role centers around motivating us to go looking for rewards, and novelty increases that urge. Novelty has also been shown to improve memory and increase the possibilities for learningby making our brains more malleable.

Daniel H. Pink, author of “Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us” says that what we are ideally looking for is a place of productive discomfort:

“If you’re too comfortable, you’re not productive. And if you’re too uncomfortable, you’re not productive. Like Goldilocks, we can’t be too hot or too cold.”

Finding that middle ground where you are anxious, but where those anxiety levels are still manageable, is what we are looking for. Once you become acclimated to that new level of anxiety, you have successfully expanded your comfort zone.

If you want to push your comfort zone’s boundaries but you’re not sure where to start, there’s actually a tool online to measure your comfort zone. A short questionnaire about your comfort levels in professional, lifestyle and adrenaline-related events gives you a score and an idea about how big or small your comfort zone is. It also includes some reading and activity suggestions for increasing your comfort levels in each area.

How far you want to push your boundaries is totally up to you, and will probably differ depending on what else is going on in your life. The trick seems to be maintaining a healthy balance between security and comfort, and a little novelty and excitement now and then.